Underwater archaeology focuses on recovering and studying ancient objects hidden beneath bodies of water. One of the most important discoveries in the Philippines is the San Diego Wreck Site, located near Fortune Island in Batangas. This shipwreck, found at a depth of 170 feet or 52 meters, preserves a significant part of maritime history.
The Discovery of the San Diego
The San Diego was a Spanish warship that sank in 1600 during a battle against Dutch forces. When researchers located the wreck, they uncovered a rich collection of cultural and historical treasures. The discovery provided a unique opportunity to understand how trade and naval warfare shaped the region.
More than 5,000 artifacts were recovered from the site. These items served as a time capsule linking Asia, Europe, and America during the early 1600s. The recovered objects highlighted the importance of the Philippines in global trade routes during the Spanish colonial period.
Collaboration in Underwater Archaeology
The recovery of the San Diego Wreck Site required the cooperation of experts from different countries. Historians, archaeologists, scientists, divers, photographers, restorers, curators, and journalists worked side by side. Their combined expertise made it possible to carefully recover, document, and preserve thousands of items.
This international effort involved the Philippines, France, Germany, Spain, and the United States. It marked the first time that such a large-scale archaeological project in the country brought together experts from multiple nations. The collaboration became a model for future projects in maritime archaeology.
Artifacts Recovered from the Wreck
The site revealed cannons, weapons, porcelain, navigational tools, coins, jewelry, and everyday objects used by sailors. Each artifact told a story of trade, conflict, and daily life at sea. Porcelain pieces traced links to China, while European weapons showed the influence of Spain’s military presence in Asia.
These objects now help historians reconstruct the lives of people who traveled across oceans during the 17th century. The artifacts also reveal how the Philippines played a vital role in connecting cultures through the Manila-Acapulco galleon trade.
The Importance of Preservation
Recovering objects from underwater environments is only the first step. Restoring and preserving fragile items is a long process. Conservators carefully clean and stabilize each artifact to prevent further damage. Museums then display these objects, allowing the public to appreciate their historic value.
The San Diego Wreck Site became a reminder that preservation requires cooperation and resources. Without careful handling, centuries-old artifacts could easily deteriorate after being removed from the sea.
Impact on Philippine History
The discovery of the San Diego Wreck Site changed how historians viewed the colonial period. Instead of relying only on written accounts, they now had material evidence. The shipwreck confirmed details from historical texts and revealed new information about naval battles, trade patterns, and cultural exchanges.
Dr. Antonio de Morga, the captain of the San Diego, wrote Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. His account described the events surrounding the ship, but the wreck itself added physical proof to the written record. Together, they gave a clearer picture of the period.
Continuing the Work of Underwater Archaeology
Despite the challenges of deep-sea exploration, underwater archaeology continues to rewrite history. Projects like the San Diego Wreck Site prove the importance of protecting maritime heritage. The sea still holds many secrets that can expand our understanding of the past.
The work of archaeologists and divers ensures that future generations can study and appreciate these discoveries. Each expedition contributes to a more complete picture of human history and global connections.
Visiting the Artifacts
Many of the recovered artifacts are displayed at the National Museum of the Philippines. Visitors can see porcelain, jewelry, navigational tools, and even weaponry from the wreck. These exhibits allow the public to connect with history and learn about the significance of the San Diego Wreck Site.
For those interested in maritime history, the exhibit provides a rare chance to view items that survived centuries underwater. The collection continues to attract scholars, tourists, and history enthusiasts alike.
